Features for Illicraic

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Phonology

Consonant Inventories WALS Average
Vowel Quality Inventories WALS Small (2-4)
Consonant-Vowel Ratio WALS Moderately high
Voicing in Plosives and Fricatives WALS In fricatives alone
Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systems WALS Other
Uvular Consonants WALS None
Glottalized Consonants WALS No glottalized consonants
Lateral Consonants WALS No /l/, but lateral obstruents
The Velar Nasal WALS Initial velar nasal
Vowel Nasalization WALS Contrast absent
Front Rounded Vowels WALS None
Syllable Structure WALS Moderately complex
Tone WALS No tones
Fixed Stress Locations WALS No fixed stress
Weight-Sensitive Stress WALS Right-oriented: One of the last three
Weight Factors in Weight-Sensitive Stress Systems WALS Combined
Rhythm Types WALS Iambic
Absence of Common Consonants WALS All present
Presence of Uncommon Consonants WALS Pharyngeals and 'th'

Morphology

Fusion of Selected Inflectional Formatives WALS Exclusively concatenative
Exponence of Selected Inflectional Formatives WALS Case + TAM
Inflectional Synthesis of the Verb WALS 2-3 categories per word
Locus of Marking in the Clause WALS No marking
Locus of Marking in Possessive Noun Phrases WALS Head marking
Locus of Marking: Whole-language Typology WALS Inconsistent or other
Prefixing vs. Suffixing in Inflectional Morphology WALS Strongly suffixing
Reduplication WALS Productive full and partial reduplication
Case Syncretism WALS No syncretism
Syncretism in Verbal Person/Number Marking WALS No subject person/number marking

Nominal Categories

Number of Genders WALS Three
Sex-based and Non-sex-based Gender Systems WALS Non-sex-based
Systems of Gender Assignment WALS Semantic
Coding of Nominal Plurality WALS Mixed morphological plural
Occurrence of Nominal Plurality WALS All nouns, always obligatory
Plurality in Independent Personal Pronouns WALS Person-number stem
The Associative Plural WALS No associative plural
Definite Articles WALS No definite or indefinite article
Indefinite Articles WALS No definite or indefinite article
Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Independent Pronouns WALS No inclusive/exclusive
Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Verbal Inflection WALS No person marking
Distance Contrasts in Demonstratives WALS Three-way contrast
Pronominal and Adnominal Demonstratives WALS Identical
Third Person Pronouns and Demonstratives WALS Unrelated
Gender Distinctions in Independent Personal Pronouns WALS 3rd person singular only
Politeness Distinctions in Pronouns WALS Binary politeness distinction
Indefinite Pronouns WALS Generic-noun-based
Intensifiers and Reflexive Pronouns WALS Differentiated
Person Marking on Adpositions WALS No person marking
Number of Cases WALS 6-7 cases
Asymmetrical Case-Marking WALS Symmetrical
Position of Case Affixes WALS Case suffixes
Comitatives and Instrumentals WALS Differentiation
Ordinal Numerals WALS One-th, two-th, three-th
Distributive Numerals WALS Marked by suffix
Numeral Classifiers WALS Optional
Position of Pronominal Possessive Affixes WALS Possessive prefixes

Nominal Syntax

Obligatory Possessive Inflection WALS Absent
Possessive Classification WALS No possessive classification
Genitives, Adjectives and Relative Clauses WALS Moderately differentiated in other ways
Adjectives without Nouns WALS Without marking
Action Nominal Constructions WALS Possessive-Accusative
Noun Phrase Conjunction WALS 'And' different from 'with'
Nominal and Verbal Conjunction WALS Identity

Verbal Categories

Perfective/Imperfective Aspect WALS Grammatical marking
The Past Tense WALS Present, 2-3 remoteness distinctions
The Future Tense WALS Inflectional future exists
The Perfect WALS Other perfect
Position of Tense-Aspect Affixes WALS Tense-aspect suffixes
The Morphological Imperative WALS Second person number-neutral
The Prohibitive WALS Normal imperative + normal negative
Imperative-Hortative Systems WALS Both types of system
The Optative WALS Inflectional optative present
Situational Possibility WALS Affixes on verbs
Epistemic Possibility WALS Affixes on verbs
Overlap between Situational and Epistemic Modal Marking WALS No overlap
Semantic Distinctions of Evidentiality WALS No grammatical evidentials
Coding of Evidentiality WALS No grammatical evidentials
Suppletion According to Tense and Aspect WALS None
Verbal Number and Suppletion WALS None

Word Order

Order of Subject, Object and Verb WALS VSO
Order of Subject and Verb WALS VS
Order of Object and Verb WALS VO
Order of Object, Oblique, and Verb WALS VOX
Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase WALS Prepositions
Order of Genitive and Noun WALS No dominant order
Order of Adjective and Noun WALS Noun-Adjective
Order of Demonstrative and Noun WALS Noun-Demonstrative
Order of Numeral and Noun WALS Noun-Numeral
Order of Relative Clause and Noun WALS Noun-Relative clause
Order of Degree Word and Adjective WALS Adjective-Degree word
Position of Polar Question Particles WALS Final
Position of Interrogative Phrases in Content Questions WALS Initial interrogative phrase
Order of Adverbial Subordinator and Clause WALS Initial subordinator word
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase WALS VO and Prepositions
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Relative Clause and Noun WALS VO and NRel
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun WALS VO and NAdj
Order of Negative Morpheme and Verb WALS NegV
Position of Negative Morpheme With Respect to Subject, Object and Verb WALS NegVSO

Simple Clauses

Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases WALS Neutral
Alignment of Case Marking of Pronouns WALS Neutral
Alignment of Verbal Person Marking WALS Neutral
Expression of Pronominal Subjects WALS Mixed
Verbal Person Marking WALS No person marking
Third Person Zero of Verbal Person Marking WALS No person marking
Ditransitive Constructions: The Verb 'Give' WALS Indirect-object construction
Reciprocal Constructions WALS Distinct from reflexive
Passive Constructions WALS Present
Antipassive Constructions WALS No antipassive
Applicative Constructions WALS No applicative construction
Periphrastic Causative Constructions WALS Both
Nonperiphrastic Causative Constructions WALS Morphological but no compound
Negative Morphemes WALS Negative affix
Polar Questions WALS Question particle
Predicative Possession WALS Genitive
Predicative Adjectives WALS Nonverbal encoding
Zero Copula for Predicate Nominals WALS Possible

Complex Sentences

Relativization on Subjects WALS Relative pronoun
Relativization on Obliques WALS Relative pronoun

Lexicon

Hand and Arm WALS Different
Finger and Hand WALS Different
Numeral Bases WALS Pure vigesimal
M-T Pronouns WALS M-T pronouns, non-paradigmatic
N-M Pronouns WALS N-M pronouns, non-paradigmatic

Other

Writing Systems WALS Mixed logographic–syllabic
Para-Linguistic Usages of Clicks WALS Logical meanings

Conlang-specific

Conlang type Artlang

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