| Lodeen |
The syllable structure of Lodeen is: (C)(C)V(C)(C) where V can be a monophtongue or a diphtongue.
Any consonant can begin a syllable and any consonant excepted /w/ can end a syllable. Any sole consonant can appear intervocally.
Besides, the approximant /w/ can never appear in a consonants cluster.
Phonologic constraints on consonants clusters are:
An onset consonants cluster can be comprised of:
* a plosive followed by /s/, /l/ or /j/ except for /t/ which can't be followed by /l/;
* /s/ followed by any plosive;
* /f/ followed by /l/ or /j/;
* a nasal followed by /j/;
* a liquid followed by /j/.
Thus, all consonant clusters allowed at the beginning of a syllable are:
ps, pl, pj, ts, tj, ks, kl, kj, sp, st, sk, fl, fj, mj, nj, lj.
A word-ending coda consonants cluster can be:
kt, st, sk, lt, lk.
A cross-syllable consonants cluster can involve any of the onset and coda clusters plus some others, the whole set of rules being:
* a plosive /p/ or /k/ followed by any consonant excepted nasals and /w/;
* /t/ followed by /p/, fricatives or /j/;
* /f/ followed by /l/ or /j/;
* /s/ followed by any consonant except for /j/ or /w/;
* /m/ followed by any consonants excepted nasals and /w/;
* /n/ followed by a fricative, /t/, /k/ or /j/;
* /l/ followed by any consonant except for /w/;
* /j/ followed by any consonant except for /w/.
Note that, being intervocalic, those consonants clusters will get voiced, and will be written as such; thus, all consonants clusters allowed cross-syllabically are :
bd, bg, bv, bz, bl/pl, bj ; gb, gd, gv, gz, gl/kl, gj ; db, dv, dz, dj ; vl/fl, vj ; zb, zd, zg, zv, zm, zn, zl/sl ; mb, md, mg, mv, mz, ml, mj ; nd, ng, nv, nz, nj ; lb/lp, ld/lt, lg/lk, lv/lf, lz/ls, lm, ln, lj ; jb, jd, jg, jv, jz, jm, jn, jl.
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Note that, a word might be written with two same consonants or vowels, mostly for morphological consistency or for differentiating some homophones; the consonant might then be geminated or the vowel lengthened but such phenomena have no phonemic reality. |
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1) Syllable template is CV(C).
2) All morphemes must end in a vowel.
3) There are no phonemic diphthongs.
4) Permitted syllable codas are /m, n, ŋ, p, k, ʔ, ts, tʄ, s, ʄ, r, l, j, w/.
5) Consonant clusters only occur at syllable boundaries within a word.
6) Clicks may only occur root-initially.
7) Nasals may not follow nasalised clicks.
8) Permitted consonant clusters:
a) /m/ + /m, j, w/
b) /m, n/ + /t, ʔ, tθ, ts, tʄ, tɬ, r, l, ʎ/
c) /n/ + /n/
d) /m, ŋ/ + /p, k, kx, kxʷ, ɡʟ/
e) /ŋ/ + /ŋ/
f) /p, k, ʔ/ + /s, ʄ/
g) /ts, tʄ/ + /p, k, ʔ/
h) /s/ + /kxʷ/
i) /s, ʄ/ + /p, t, k, ʔ, tθ, tɬ, kx/
j) /r/ + /r, j/
k) /r, l/ + /m, n, ɲ, ŋ, ŋʷ, p, t, k, ʔ, ts, tʄ, tθ, kx, kxʷ, w/
l) /l/ + /l/
m) /j, w/ + /m, n, ŋ, p, t, k, ʔ, ts, tθ, tɬ, kx, r, l, ɡʟ/
9) Suffixes are the only morphemes that may begin with a consonant cluster.
10) High vowels may not occur after clicks, lateral alveolars, palatals, labialised velars, liquids or /ʔ/.
11) Front vowels may not follow back vowels within the same word without an intervening central vowel.
12) Back vowels may not follow front vowels within the same word without an intervening central vowel.
13) Roots and particles have two syllables.
14) Suffixes may have one or two syllables.
15) Unnaturalised foreign loan words may have roots with more syllables than normal. |
