Features for Mixtec (Chalcatongo)

This language is cloned from WALS. If you need to cite or disagree with any data on this language, you will have to do so at WALS, not here.

Consonant Inventories ^WALS	Moderately small
Vowel Quality Inventories ^WALS	Average (5-6)
Consonant-Vowel Ratio ^WALS	Average
Voicing in Plosives and Fricatives ^WALS	In both plosives and fricatives
Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systems ^WALS	Other
Uvular Consonants ^WALS	None
Glottalized Consonants ^WALS	No glottalized consonants
Lateral Consonants ^WALS	/l/, no obstruent laterals
The Velar Nasal ^WALS	No velar nasal
Vowel Nasalization ^WALS	Contrast present
Front Rounded Vowels ^WALS	None
Syllable Structure ^WALS	Simple
Tone ^WALS	Complex tone system
Absence of Common Consonants ^WALS	All present
Presence of Uncommon Consonants ^WALS	'Th' sounds

Fusion of Selected Inflectional Formatives ^WALS	Exclusively concatenative
Exponence of Selected Inflectional Formatives ^WALS	No case
Inflectional Synthesis of the Verb ^WALS	4-5 categories per word
Locus of Marking in the Clause ^WALS	No marking
Locus of Marking in Possessive Noun Phrases ^WALS	No marking
Locus of Marking: Whole-language Typology ^WALS	Inconsistent or other
Prefixing vs. Suffixing in Inflectional Morphology ^WALS	Strong prefixing
Case Syncretism ^WALS	No case marking
Syncretism in Verbal Person/Number Marking ^WALS	Not syncretic

Number of Genders ^WALS	Five or more
Sex-based and Non-sex-based Gender Systems ^WALS	Sex-based
Systems of Gender Assignment ^WALS	Semantic
Coding of Nominal Plurality ^WALS	Plural word
Occurrence of Nominal Plurality ^WALS	All nouns, always optional
Plurality in Independent Personal Pronouns ^WALS	Person stem + nominal plural affix
The Associative Plural ^WALS	No associative plural
Definite Articles ^WALS	No definite or indefinite article
Indefinite Articles ^WALS	No definite or indefinite article
Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Independent Pronouns ^WALS	Only inclusive
Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Verbal Inflection ^WALS	Only inclusive
Distance Contrasts in Demonstratives ^WALS	Two-way contrast
Third Person Pronouns and Demonstratives ^WALS	Unrelated
Gender Distinctions in Independent Personal Pronouns ^WALS	No gender distinctions
Politeness Distinctions in Pronouns ^WALS	Binary politeness distinction
Intensifiers and Reflexive Pronouns ^WALS	Identical
Person Marking on Adpositions ^WALS	Pronouns only
Number of Cases ^WALS	No morphological case-marking
Asymmetrical Case-Marking ^WALS	No case-marking
Position of Case Affixes ^WALS	No case affixes or adpositional clitics
Ordinal Numerals ^WALS	None
Numeral Classifiers ^WALS	Absent
Position of Pronominal Possessive Affixes ^WALS	No possessive affixes

Obligatory Possessive Inflection ^WALS	Absent
Possessive Classification ^WALS	No possessive classification
Adjectives without Nouns ^WALS	Marked by prefix
Action Nominal Constructions ^WALS	No action nominals
Nominal and Verbal Conjunction ^WALS	Identity

Perfective/Imperfective Aspect ^WALS	Grammatical marking
The Past Tense ^WALS	No past tense
The Future Tense ^WALS	Inflectional future exists
The Perfect ^WALS	No perfect
Position of Tense-Aspect Affixes ^WALS	Tense-aspect prefixes
The Morphological Imperative ^WALS	Second person number-neutral
The Prohibitive ^WALS	Normal imperative + special negative
Imperative-Hortative Systems ^WALS	Neither type of system
The Optative ^WALS	Inflectional optative absent
Situational Possibility ^WALS	Verbal constructions
Epistemic Possibility ^WALS	Affixes on verbs
Overlap between Situational and Epistemic Modal Marking ^WALS	No overlap
Semantic Distinctions of Evidentiality ^WALS	No grammatical evidentials
Coding of Evidentiality ^WALS	No grammatical evidentials
Suppletion According to Tense and Aspect ^WALS	Aspect
Verbal Number and Suppletion ^WALS	None

Order of Subject, Object and Verb ^WALS	VSO
Order of Subject and Verb ^WALS	VS
Order of Object and Verb ^WALS	VO
Order of Object, Oblique, and Verb ^WALS	VOX
Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase ^WALS	Prepositions
Order of Genitive and Noun ^WALS	Noun-Genitive
Order of Adjective and Noun ^WALS	Noun-Adjective
Order of Demonstrative and Noun ^WALS	Noun-Demonstrative
Order of Numeral and Noun ^WALS	Numeral-Noun
Order of Relative Clause and Noun ^WALS	Noun-Relative clause
Order of Degree Word and Adjective ^WALS	No dominant order
Position of Polar Question Particles ^WALS	No question particle
Position of Interrogative Phrases in Content Questions ^WALS	Initial interrogative phrase
Order of Adverbial Subordinator and Clause ^WALS	Initial subordinator word
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase ^WALS	VO and Prepositions
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Relative Clause and Noun ^WALS	VO and NRel
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun ^WALS	VO and NAdj
Order of Negative Morpheme and Verb ^WALS	NegV
Position of Negative Morpheme With Respect to Subject, Object and Verb ^WALS	NegVSO

Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases ^WALS	Neutral
Alignment of Case Marking of Pronouns ^WALS	Neutral
Alignment of Verbal Person Marking ^WALS	Accusative
Expression of Pronominal Subjects ^WALS	Mixed
Verbal Person Marking ^WALS	Only the A argument
Third Person Zero of Verbal Person Marking ^WALS	No zero realization
Order of Person Markers on the Verb ^WALS	A and P do not or do not both occur on the verb
Ditransitive Constructions: The Verb 'Give' ^WALS	Indirect-object construction
Passive Constructions ^WALS	Absent
Antipassive Constructions ^WALS	No antipassive
Applicative Constructions ^WALS	No applicative construction
Periphrastic Causative Constructions ^WALS	Sequential but no purposive
Nonperiphrastic Causative Constructions ^WALS	Morphological but no compound
Negative Morphemes ^WALS	Negative particle
Symmetric and Asymmetric Standard Negation ^WALS	Symmetric
Subtypes of Asymmetric Standard Negation ^WALS	Non-assignable
Negative Indefinite Pronouns and Predicate Negation ^WALS	No predicate negation
Polar Questions ^WALS	No interrogative-declarative distinction

Relativization on Subjects ^WALS	Gap
Relativization on Obliques ^WALS	Gap
'Want' Complement Subjects ^WALS	Subject is expressed overtly
Purpose Clauses ^WALS	Balanced
'When' Clauses ^WALS	Balanced
Reason Clauses ^WALS	Balanced
Utterance Complement Clauses ^WALS	Balanced

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