Features for Mandarin

This language is cloned from WALS. If you need to cite or disagree with any data on this language, you will have to do so at WALS, not here.

Consonant Inventories ^WALS	Moderately large
Vowel Quality Inventories ^WALS	Average (5-6)
Consonant-Vowel Ratio ^WALS	Average
Voicing in Plosives and Fricatives ^WALS	In fricatives alone
Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systems ^WALS	Other
Uvular Consonants ^WALS	Uvular continuants only
Glottalized Consonants ^WALS	No glottalized consonants
Lateral Consonants ^WALS	/l/, no obstruent laterals
The Velar Nasal ^WALS	No initial velar nasal
Vowel Nasalization ^WALS	Contrast absent
Front Rounded Vowels ^WALS	High only
Syllable Structure ^WALS	Moderately complex
Tone ^WALS	Complex tone system
Fixed Stress Locations ^WALS	No fixed stress
Weight-Sensitive Stress ^WALS	Not predictable
Weight Factors in Weight-Sensitive Stress Systems ^WALS	Lexical stress
Absence of Common Consonants ^WALS	All present
Presence of Uncommon Consonants ^WALS	None

Fusion of Selected Inflectional Formatives ^WALS	Isolating/concatenative
Exponence of Selected Inflectional Formatives ^WALS	Monoexponential case
Inflectional Synthesis of the Verb ^WALS	0-1 category per word
Locus of Marking in the Clause ^WALS	Dependent marking
Locus of Marking in Possessive Noun Phrases ^WALS	Dependent marking
Locus of Marking: Whole-language Typology ^WALS	Dependent-marking
Reduplication ^WALS	Productive full and partial reduplication
Case Syncretism ^WALS	No case marking
Syncretism in Verbal Person/Number Marking ^WALS	No subject person/number marking

Number of Genders ^WALS	None
Sex-based and Non-sex-based Gender Systems ^WALS	No gender
Systems of Gender Assignment ^WALS	No gender
Coding of Nominal Plurality ^WALS	Plural suffix
Occurrence of Nominal Plurality ^WALS	Only human nouns, optional
Plurality in Independent Personal Pronouns ^WALS	Person-number stem + nominal plural affix
The Associative Plural ^WALS	Unique periphrastic associative plural
Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Independent Pronouns ^WALS	Inclusive/exclusive
Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Verbal Inflection ^WALS	No person marking
Distance Contrasts in Demonstratives ^WALS	Two-way contrast
Pronominal and Adnominal Demonstratives ^WALS	Identical
Third Person Pronouns and Demonstratives ^WALS	Related for non-human reference
Gender Distinctions in Independent Personal Pronouns ^WALS	3rd person singular only
Politeness Distinctions in Pronouns ^WALS	Binary politeness distinction
Indefinite Pronouns ^WALS	Mixed
Intensifiers and Reflexive Pronouns ^WALS	Identical
Person Marking on Adpositions ^WALS	No person marking
Number of Cases ^WALS	No morphological case-marking
Asymmetrical Case-Marking ^WALS	No case-marking
Comitatives and Instrumentals ^WALS	Differentiation
Ordinal Numerals ^WALS	One-th, two-th, three-th
Distributive Numerals ^WALS	No distributive numerals
Numeral Classifiers ^WALS	Obligatory
Conjunctions and Universal Quantifiers ^WALS	Formally similar, with interrogative

Obligatory Possessive Inflection ^WALS	Absent
Possessive Classification ^WALS	No possessive classification
Genitives, Adjectives and Relative Clauses ^WALS	Weakly differentiated
Adjectives without Nouns ^WALS	Marked by following word
Action Nominal Constructions ^WALS	No action nominals
Noun Phrase Conjunction ^WALS	'And' identical to 'with'
Nominal and Verbal Conjunction ^WALS	Differentiation

Perfective/Imperfective Aspect ^WALS	Grammatical marking
The Past Tense ^WALS	No past tense
The Future Tense ^WALS	No inflectional future
The Perfect ^WALS	No perfect
Position of Tense-Aspect Affixes ^WALS	Tense-aspect suffixes
The Morphological Imperative ^WALS	No second-person imperatives
The Prohibitive ^WALS	Normal imperative + special negative
Imperative-Hortative Systems ^WALS	Neither type of system
The Optative ^WALS	Inflectional optative absent
Situational Possibility ^WALS	Verbal constructions
Epistemic Possibility ^WALS	Verbal constructions
Overlap between Situational and Epistemic Modal Marking ^WALS	Overlap for both possibility and necessity
Semantic Distinctions of Evidentiality ^WALS	No grammatical evidentials
Coding of Evidentiality ^WALS	No grammatical evidentials
Suppletion According to Tense and Aspect ^WALS	None
Verbal Number and Suppletion ^WALS	None

Order of Subject, Object and Verb ^WALS	SVO
Order of Subject and Verb ^WALS	SV
Order of Object and Verb ^WALS	VO
Order of Object, Oblique, and Verb ^WALS	XVO
Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase ^WALS	Prepositions
Order of Genitive and Noun ^WALS	Genitive-Noun
Order of Adjective and Noun ^WALS	Adjective-Noun
Order of Demonstrative and Noun ^WALS	Demonstrative-Noun
Order of Numeral and Noun ^WALS	Numeral-Noun
Order of Relative Clause and Noun ^WALS	Relative clause-Noun
Order of Degree Word and Adjective ^WALS	Degree word-Adjective
Position of Polar Question Particles ^WALS	Final
Position of Interrogative Phrases in Content Questions ^WALS	Not initial interrogative phrase
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase ^WALS	VO and Prepositions
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Relative Clause and Noun ^WALS	VO and RelN
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun ^WALS	VO and AdjN
Order of Negative Morpheme and Verb ^WALS	NegV
Position of Negative Morpheme With Respect to Subject, Object and Verb ^WALS	SNegVO

Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases ^WALS	Neutral
Alignment of Case Marking of Pronouns ^WALS	Neutral
Alignment of Verbal Person Marking ^WALS	Neutral
Expression of Pronominal Subjects ^WALS	Optional pronouns in subject position
Verbal Person Marking ^WALS	No person marking
Third Person Zero of Verbal Person Marking ^WALS	No person marking
Order of Person Markers on the Verb ^WALS	A and P do not or do not both occur on the verb
Ditransitive Constructions: The Verb 'Give' ^WALS	Mixed
Reciprocal Constructions ^WALS	Distinct from reflexive
Passive Constructions ^WALS	Present
Antipassive Constructions ^WALS	No antipassive
Applicative Constructions ^WALS	No applicative construction
Nonperiphrastic Causative Constructions ^WALS	Compound but no morphological
Negative Morphemes ^WALS	Negative particle
Symmetric and Asymmetric Standard Negation ^WALS	Both
Subtypes of Asymmetric Standard Negation ^WALS	A/Fin
Negative Indefinite Pronouns and Predicate Negation ^WALS	Predicate negation also present
Polar Questions ^WALS	Question particle
Predicative Possession ^WALS	Topic
Predicative Adjectives ^WALS	Verbal encoding
Nominal and Locational Predication ^WALS	Different
Zero Copula for Predicate Nominals ^WALS	Impossible
Comparative Constructions ^WALS	Exceed

Relativization on Subjects ^WALS	Gap
Relativization on Obliques ^WALS	Gap
'Want' Complement Subjects ^WALS	Subject is left implicit
Purpose Clauses ^WALS	Balanced
'When' Clauses ^WALS	Balanced
Reason Clauses ^WALS	Balanced
Utterance Complement Clauses ^WALS	Balanced

Hand and Arm ^WALS	Different
Finger and Hand ^WALS	Different
Numeral Bases ^WALS	Decimal
Number of Non-Derived Basic Colour Categories ^WALS	6
Number of Basic Colour Categories ^WALS	8-8.5
Green and Blue ^WALS	Green vs. blue
Red and Yellow ^WALS	Red vs. yellow
M-T Pronouns ^WALS	No M-T pronouns
N-M Pronouns ^WALS	No N-M pronouns
Tea ^WALS	Words derived from Sinitic cha

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