Features for Kiitra

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Phonology

Consonant Inventories WALS Average
Vowel Quality Inventories WALS Large (7-14)
Consonant-Vowel Ratio WALS Moderately low
Voicing in Plosives and Fricatives WALS In both plosives and fricatives
Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systems WALS None missing in /p t k b d g/
Uvular Consonants WALS None
Glottalized Consonants WALS No glottalized consonants
While glottalized consonants are not present, the glottal stop is often used (e.g., separation of vowels)
Lateral Consonants WALS /l/, no obstruent laterals
The Velar Nasal WALS No velar nasal
Vowel Nasalization WALS Contrast absent
Front Rounded Vowels WALS None
Syllable Structure WALS Complex
Tone WALS No tones
Fixed Stress Locations WALS No fixed stress
variant location of syllabic stress is primary distinguishing feature of dialects and non-native speaker accents
Weight-Sensitive Stress WALS Not predictable
variant location of syllabic stress is primary distinguishing feature of dialects and non-native speaker accents
Weight Factors in Weight-Sensitive Stress Systems WALS No weight
Rhythm Types WALS Undetermined
variant location of syllabic stress is primary distinguishing feature of dialects and non-native speaker accents; this in turn leads to variations in cadence and rhythm of speech
Absence of Common Consonants WALS All present
Presence of Uncommon Consonants WALS None
voiceless velar fricative /x/, and trilled rhotic /r/ or /R/, are distinguished in consonantal inventory

Morphology

Fusion of Selected Inflectional Formatives WALS Ablaut/concatenative
Exponence of Selected Inflectional Formatives WALS No case
Inflectional Synthesis of the Verb WALS 2-3 categories per word
Locus of Marking in the Clause WALS Dependent marking
Locus of Marking in Possessive Noun Phrases WALS Dependent marking
Locus of Marking: Whole-language Typology WALS Head-marking
Prefixing vs. Suffixing in Inflectional Morphology WALS Equal prefixing and suffixing
Reduplication WALS Productive full and partial reduplication
Case Syncretism WALS No case marking
Syncretism in Verbal Person/Number Marking WALS No subject person/number marking

Nominal Categories

Number of Genders WALS Four
genders for third-person singular pronouns are masculine/male, feminine/female, non-binary/gender-neutral, and inanimate
Sex-based and Non-sex-based Gender Systems WALS Sex-based
Systems of Gender Assignment WALS No gender
Coding of Nominal Plurality WALS Mixed morphological plural
Occurrence of Nominal Plurality WALS All nouns, always optional
Plurality in Independent Personal Pronouns WALS Person-number stem
The Associative Plural WALS No associative plural
Definite Articles WALS Demonstrative word used as definite article
definitive article prefix "id'-" is only use for anything considered unique
Indefinite Articles WALS No definite or indefinite article
Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Independent Pronouns WALS No inclusive/exclusive
Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Verbal Inflection WALS No inclusive/exclusive
Distance Contrasts in Demonstratives WALS No distance contrast
Pronominal and Adnominal Demonstratives WALS Identical
Third Person Pronouns and Demonstratives WALS Related for all demonstratives
Gender Distinctions in Independent Personal Pronouns WALS 3rd person singular only
Politeness Distinctions in Pronouns WALS No politeness distinction
Formal pronomial forms are now reserved for deities and honored/respected decedents
Indefinite Pronouns WALS Generic-noun-based
Intensifiers and Reflexive Pronouns WALS Differentiated
Person Marking on Adpositions WALS No person marking
Number of Cases WALS No morphological case-marking
Asymmetrical Case-Marking WALS No case-marking
Position of Case Affixes WALS No case affixes or adpositional clitics
Comitatives and Instrumentals WALS Identity
Ordinal Numerals WALS One-th, two-th, three-th
ordinal numbers are created using same suffix as for possessive nouns("-luu"); cardinal numbers precede nouns, but ordinal numbers follow nouns; ordinal form used to designate numbered member of a set (e.g. English "Rekar Three" or "Rekar 3" translates as "Rekar doluu" [third Rekar])
Distributive Numerals WALS No distributive numerals
Numeral Classifiers WALS Absent
Conjunctions and Universal Quantifiers WALS Formally different
Position of Pronominal Possessive Affixes WALS Possessive suffixes

Nominal Syntax

Obligatory Possessive Inflection WALS Absent
Possessive Classification WALS No possessive classification
Genitives, Adjectives and Relative Clauses WALS Highly differentiated
Adjectives without Nouns WALS Marked by mixed or other strategies
Action Nominal Constructions WALS Possessive-Accusative
Noun Phrase Conjunction WALS 'And' different from 'with'
Nominal and Verbal Conjunction WALS Identity

Verbal Categories

Perfective/Imperfective Aspect WALS No grammatical marking
adverbs and compound verb forms are used to delineate specific temporal aspects
The Past Tense WALS Present, no remoteness distinctions
The Future Tense WALS Inflectional future exists
The Perfect WALS No perfect
Position of Tense-Aspect Affixes WALS Tense-aspect suffixes
suffixes designate past and future tense, but not aspect
The Morphological Imperative WALS No second-person imperatives
The Prohibitive WALS Normal imperative + normal negative
Imperative-Hortative Systems WALS Neither type of system
The Optative WALS Inflectional optative absent
Situational Possibility WALS Verbal constructions
Epistemic Possibility WALS Other
Overlap between Situational and Epistemic Modal Marking WALS No overlap
Semantic Distinctions of Evidentiality WALS No grammatical evidentials
Coding of Evidentiality WALS No grammatical evidentials
Suppletion According to Tense and Aspect WALS None
Verbal Number and Suppletion WALS None

Word Order

Order of Subject, Object and Verb WALS SVO
Order of Subject and Verb WALS SV
Order of Object and Verb WALS VO
Order of Object, Oblique, and Verb WALS VOX
Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase WALS Prepositions
Order of Genitive and Noun WALS Noun-Genitive
Order of Adjective and Noun WALS Adjective-Noun
Order of Demonstrative and Noun WALS Demonstrative prefix
Kiitra uses a demonstrative prefix ("eja'-"); proximal and distal distinction is made by following the pronoun/noun with "here" or "there" ("ega"/"efa").  Demonstrative pronouns are made by adding the prefix to a third-person pronoun; the compounds "eja'era" and "eja'iira" ("that/this one/thing" and "these/those ones/things") cannot be used as initial subjects in a sentence
Order of Numeral and Noun WALS No dominant order
cardinal numbers precede noun, ordinal numbers follow noun
Order of Relative Clause and Noun WALS Noun-Relative clause
Order of Degree Word and Adjective WALS Degree word-Adjective
Position of Polar Question Particles WALS Initial
Position of Interrogative Phrases in Content Questions WALS Initial interrogative phrase
Order of Adverbial Subordinator and Clause WALS Initial subordinator word
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase WALS VO and Postpositions
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Relative Clause and Noun WALS VO and NRel
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun WALS VO and AdjN
Order of Negative Morpheme and Verb WALS NegV
Position of Negative Morpheme With Respect to Subject, Object and Verb WALS More than one position

Simple Clauses

Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases WALS Neutral
Alignment of Case Marking of Pronouns WALS None
Alignment of Verbal Person Marking WALS Neutral
Expression of Pronominal Subjects WALS Obligatory pronouns in subject position
Verbal Person Marking WALS No person marking
Third Person Zero of Verbal Person Marking WALS No person marking
Order of Person Markers on the Verb WALS A and P do not or do not both occur on the verb
Ditransitive Constructions: The Verb 'Give' WALS Mixed
Reciprocal Constructions WALS Distinct from reflexive
Passive Constructions WALS Absent
Antipassive Constructions WALS No antipassive
Applicative Constructions WALS No applicative construction
Periphrastic Causative Constructions WALS Sequential but no purposive
Nonperiphrastic Causative Constructions WALS Compound but no morphological
Negative Morphemes WALS Negative affix
Symmetric and Asymmetric Standard Negation WALS Symmetric
Subtypes of Asymmetric Standard Negation WALS Non-assignable
Negative Indefinite Pronouns and Predicate Negation WALS No predicate negation
Polar Questions WALS Question particle
The question particle "f'taa" is also used by itself, as the equivalent of the English "Huh?"/"Eh?"; the phrase "f'taa miirvan" (question-particle please) is equivalent to English "Come again?"/"Excuse me?"/"Pardon?" or German "Bitte?"
Predicative Possession WALS 'Have'
Predicative Adjectives WALS Verbal encoding
Nominal and Locational Predication WALS Identical
Zero Copula for Predicate Nominals WALS Impossible
Comparative Constructions WALS Particle

Complex Sentences

Relativization on Subjects WALS Relative pronoun
Relativization on Obliques WALS Pronoun-retention
'Want' Complement Subjects WALS Both construction types exist
Purpose Clauses WALS Balanced/deranked
'When' Clauses WALS Balanced
Reason Clauses WALS Balanced
Utterance Complement Clauses WALS Balanced

Lexicon

Hand and Arm WALS Different
Finger and Hand WALS Different
Numeral Bases WALS Decimal
Number of Non-Derived Basic Colour Categories WALS 6
Number of Basic Colour Categories WALS 11
Green and Blue WALS Green vs. blue
Red and Yellow WALS Red vs. yellow
M-T Pronouns WALS M-T pronouns, paradigmatic
N-M Pronouns WALS No N-M pronouns
Tea WALS Others
While tea (camellia sinensis) does not grow on the planet Alplaa, the Kiitra language does have a word for beverages derived by infusion of herbs

Sign Languages

Irregular Negatives in Sign Languages WALS None
Question Particles in Sign Languages WALS One
Alplai Sign Language (heijajna) is a distinct language used by all deaf Alplai; originally a manually coded form of Baija incorporating home and village signs, it evolved into a more trans-cultural language as it was taught in other areas of the planet.

Other

Writing Systems WALS Alphabetic
Para-Linguistic Usages of Clicks WALS Other or none
a soft clicking sound ("tetet") is used in the same manner as pensive humming in humans

Conlang-specific

Conlang type Artlang

Comments:

  1. On March 20, 2014, 1:42 a.m., hirajnashaijaat wrote:
    1) definitive article is only use for anything considered unique 2) ordinal numbers are created using same suffix as for possessive nouns; cardinal numbers precede nouns, but ordinal numbers follow nouns; ordinal form used to designate numbered member of a set (e.g. English "Rekar Three" or "Rekar 3" translates as "Rekar doluu" (third Rekar) 4) a soft clicking sound ("tetet") is used in the same manner as pensive humming in humans
  2. On March 20, 2014, 8:54 p.m., hirajnashaijaat wrote:
    Description of phonology may be difficult, as the Alplai have a very different vocal anatomy from humans (more closely resembling Terran birds)
    1. On March 23, 2014, 2:51 a.m., hirajnashaijaat replied:
      While glottalized consonants are not present, the glottal stop is often used (e.g., separation of vowels)
  3. On March 23, 2014, 12:37 p.m., hirajnashaijaat wrote:
    Kiitra uses a demonstrative prefix (eja'-); proximal and distal distinction is made by following the pronoun/noun with "here" or "there" (ega/efa). Demonstrative pronouns are made by adding the prefix to a third-person pronoun; the compounds eja'era and eja'iira ("that/this one/thing" and "these/those ones/things") cannot be used as initial subjects in a sentence.