Features for Inga

Share & Bookmark

Phonology

Consonant Inventories WALS Large
Vowel Quality Inventories WALS Average (5-6)
Consonant-Vowel Ratio WALS Average
Voicing in Plosives and Fricatives WALS In both plosives and fricatives
Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systems WALS None missing in /p t k b d g/
Uvular Consonants WALS Uvular stops only
Glottalized Consonants WALS Implosives and glottalized resonants
Lateral Consonants WALS /l/ and lateral obstruent
The Velar Nasal WALS Initial velar nasal
Vowel Nasalization WALS Contrast absent
Front Rounded Vowels WALS High and mid
Syllable Structure WALS Moderately complex
Tone WALS No tones
Fixed Stress Locations WALS No fixed stress
Weight-Sensitive Stress WALS Left-oriented: One of the first three
Weight Factors in Weight-Sensitive Stress Systems WALS Prominence
Rhythm Types WALS Dual: both trochaic and iambic
Absence of Common Consonants WALS All present
Presence of Uncommon Consonants WALS Clicks

Morphology

Fusion of Selected Inflectional Formatives WALS Isolating/concatenative
Exponence of Selected Inflectional Formatives WALS Case + referentiality
Inflectional Synthesis of the Verb WALS 12-13 categories per word
Locus of Marking in the Clause WALS Double marking
Locus of Marking in Possessive Noun Phrases WALS Dependent marking
Locus of Marking: Whole-language Typology WALS Dependent-marking
Prefixing vs. Suffixing in Inflectional Morphology WALS Equal prefixing and suffixing
Reduplication WALS Productive full and partial reduplication
Case Syncretism WALS Core and non-core
Syncretism in Verbal Person/Number Marking WALS Syncretic

Nominal Categories

Number of Genders WALS Five or more
Sex-based and Non-sex-based Gender Systems WALS Non-sex-based
Systems of Gender Assignment WALS Semantic and formal
Coding of Nominal Plurality WALS Mixed morphological plural
Occurrence of Nominal Plurality WALS All nouns, always obligatory
Plurality in Independent Personal Pronouns WALS Person stem + pronominal plural affix
The Associative Plural WALS Unique affixal associative plural
Definite Articles WALS Definite word distinct from demonstrative
Indefinite Articles WALS Indefinite word distinct from 'one'
Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Independent Pronouns WALS Inclusive/exclusive
Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Verbal Inflection WALS Inclusive/exclusive
Distance Contrasts in Demonstratives WALS Five (or more)-way contrast
Pronominal and Adnominal Demonstratives WALS Identical
Third Person Pronouns and Demonstratives WALS Related by gender markers
Gender Distinctions in Independent Personal Pronouns WALS No gender distinctions
Politeness Distinctions in Pronouns WALS Multiple politeness distinctions
Indefinite Pronouns WALS Special
Intensifiers and Reflexive Pronouns WALS Differentiated
Person Marking on Adpositions WALS Pronouns only
Number of Cases WALS 10 or more cases
Asymmetrical Case-Marking WALS Subtractive-quantitatively asymmetrical
Position of Case Affixes WALS Mixed morphological case
Comitatives and Instrumentals WALS Differentiation
Ordinal Numerals WALS Various
Distributive Numerals WALS Marked by mixed or other strategies
Numeral Classifiers WALS Optional
Conjunctions and Universal Quantifiers WALS Formally similar, without interrogative
Position of Pronominal Possessive Affixes WALS No possessive affixes

Nominal Syntax

Obligatory Possessive Inflection WALS Exists
Possessive Classification WALS Three to five classes
Genitives, Adjectives and Relative Clauses WALS Highly differentiated
Adjectives without Nouns WALS Marked by mixed or other strategies
Action Nominal Constructions WALS Mixed
Noun Phrase Conjunction WALS 'And' different from 'with'
Nominal and Verbal Conjunction WALS Differentiation

Verbal Categories

Perfective/Imperfective Aspect WALS Grammatical marking
The Past Tense WALS Present, 4 or more remoteness distinctions
The Future Tense WALS Inflectional future exists
The Perfect WALS From 'finish', 'already'
Position of Tense-Aspect Affixes WALS Tense-aspect suffixes
The Morphological Imperative WALS Second singular and second plural
The Prohibitive WALS Normal imperative + special negative
Imperative-Hortative Systems WALS Both types of system
The Optative WALS Inflectional optative present
Situational Possibility WALS Verbal constructions
Epistemic Possibility WALS Verbal constructions
Overlap between Situational and Epistemic Modal Marking WALS Overlap for both possibility and necessity
Semantic Distinctions of Evidentiality WALS Indirect only
Coding of Evidentiality WALS Verbal affix or clitic
Suppletion According to Tense and Aspect WALS Tense and aspect
Verbal Number and Suppletion WALS Singular-plural pairs, suppletion

Word Order

Order of Subject, Object and Verb WALS OVS
Order of Subject and Verb WALS VS
Order of Object and Verb WALS OV
Order of Object, Oblique, and Verb WALS OXV
Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase WALS Inpositions
Order of Genitive and Noun WALS Noun-Genitive
Order of Adjective and Noun WALS No dominant order
Order of Demonstrative and Noun WALS Demonstrative before and after Noun
Order of Numeral and Noun WALS Numeral-Noun
Order of Relative Clause and Noun WALS Noun-Relative clause
Order of Degree Word and Adjective WALS Degree word-Adjective
Position of Polar Question Particles WALS In either of two positions
Position of Interrogative Phrases in Content Questions WALS Not initial interrogative phrase
Order of Adverbial Subordinator and Clause WALS Internal subordinator word
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase WALS OV and Prepositions
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Relative Clause and Noun WALS OV and NRel
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun WALS OV and NAdj
Order of Negative Morpheme and Verb WALS [Neg-V]
Position of Negative Morpheme With Respect to Subject, Object and Verb WALS OVNegS

Simple Clauses

Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases WALS Active-inactive
Alignment of Case Marking of Pronouns WALS Active - inactive
Alignment of Verbal Person Marking WALS Active
Expression of Pronominal Subjects WALS Subject clitics on variable host
Verbal Person Marking WALS A or P argument
Third Person Zero of Verbal Person Marking WALS Zero only in 3rd nonsingular
Order of Person Markers on the Verb WALS Both orders of A and P occur
Ditransitive Constructions: The Verb 'Give' WALS Double-object construction
Reciprocal Constructions WALS Distinct from reflexive
Passive Constructions WALS Present
Antipassive Constructions WALS No antipassive
Applicative Constructions WALS No applicative construction
Periphrastic Causative Constructions WALS Sequential but no purposive
Nonperiphrastic Causative Constructions WALS Neither
Negative Morphemes WALS Double negation
Symmetric and Asymmetric Standard Negation WALS Asymmetric
Subtypes of Asymmetric Standard Negation WALS A/Fin and A/Cat
Negative Indefinite Pronouns and Predicate Negation WALS Mixed behaviour
Polar Questions WALS Interrogative verb morphology
Predicative Possession WALS Conjunctional
Predicative Adjectives WALS Nonverbal encoding
Nominal and Locational Predication WALS Identical
Zero Copula for Predicate Nominals WALS Possible
Comparative Constructions WALS Conjoined

Complex Sentences

Relativization on Subjects WALS Gap
Relativization on Obliques WALS Pronoun-retention
'Want' Complement Subjects WALS Both construction types exist
Purpose Clauses WALS Balanced/deranked
'When' Clauses WALS Balanced/deranked
Reason Clauses WALS Balanced/deranked
Utterance Complement Clauses WALS Deranked

Lexicon

Hand and Arm WALS Different
Finger and Hand WALS Different
Numeral Bases WALS Extended body-part system
Number of Non-Derived Basic Colour Categories WALS 6
Number of Basic Colour Categories WALS 11
Green and Blue WALS Green vs. blue
Red and Yellow WALS Red vs. yellow
M-T Pronouns WALS M-T pronouns, paradigmatic
N-M Pronouns WALS N-M pronouns, paradigmatic

Other

Writing Systems WALS Mixed logographic–syllabic

Conlang-specific

Conlang type Artlang

Comments:

No comments yet