| Esperanto | Ido |
|---|
| Consonant Inventories WALS |
Average |
Average |
| Vowel Quality Inventories WALS |
Average (5-6) |
Average (5-6) |
| Consonant-Vowel Ratio WALS |
Average |
Average |
| Voicing in Plosives and Fricatives WALS |
In both plosives and fricatives |
In both plosives and fricatives |
| Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systems WALS |
None missing in /p t k b d g/ |
None missing in /p t k b d g/ |
| Uvular Consonants WALS |
None |
None |
| Glottalized Consonants WALS |
No glottalized consonants |
No glottalized consonants |
| Lateral Consonants WALS |
/l/, no obstruent laterals |
/l/, no obstruent laterals |
| The Velar Nasal WALS |
No velar nasal |
No velar nasal |
| Vowel Nasalization WALS |
Contrast absent |
Contrast absent |
| Front Rounded Vowels WALS |
None |
None |
| Syllable Structure WALS |
Complex |
Complex |
| Tone WALS |
No tones |
No tones |
| Fixed Stress Locations WALS |
Penultimate |
No fixed stress |
| Weight-Sensitive Stress WALS |
Fixed stress |
Right-oriented: One of the last three |
| Weight Factors in Weight-Sensitive Stress Systems WALS |
No weight |
Coda consonant |
| Rhythm Types WALS |
Trochaic |
Trochaic |
| Absence of Common Consonants WALS |
All present |
All present |
| Presence of Uncommon Consonants WALS |
None |
None |
| Fusion of Selected Inflectional Formatives WALS |
Exclusively concatenative |
Exclusively concatenative |
| Exponence of Selected Inflectional Formatives WALS |
Monoexponential case |
Monoexponential case |
| Inflectional Synthesis of the Verb WALS |
2-3 categories per word |
2-3 categories per word |
| Locus of Marking in the Clause WALS |
Dependent marking |
Dependent marking |
| Locus of Marking in Possessive Noun Phrases WALS |
Dependent marking |
Dependent marking |
| Locus of Marking: Whole-language Typology WALS |
Dependent-marking |
Dependent-marking |
| Prefixing vs. Suffixing in Inflectional Morphology WALS |
Strongly suffixing |
Strongly suffixing |
| Reduplication WALS |
No productive reduplication |
No productive reduplication |
| Case Syncretism WALS |
No syncretism |
No syncretism |
| Syncretism in Verbal Person/Number Marking WALS |
No subject person/number marking |
No subject person/number marking |
| Number of Genders WALS |
Three |
Three |
| Sex-based and Non-sex-based Gender Systems WALS |
Sex-based |
Sex-based |
| Systems of Gender Assignment WALS |
Semantic |
Semantic |
| Coding of Nominal Plurality WALS |
Plural suffix |
Plural suffix |
| Occurrence of Nominal Plurality WALS |
All nouns, always obligatory |
All nouns, always obligatory |
| Plurality in Independent Personal Pronouns WALS |
Person-number stem |
Person stem + nominal plural affix |
| The Associative Plural WALS |
No associative plural |
No associative plural |
| Definite Articles WALS |
Definite word distinct from demonstrative |
Definite word distinct from demonstrative |
| Indefinite Articles WALS |
No indefinite, but definite article |
No indefinite, but definite article |
| Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Independent Pronouns WALS |
No inclusive/exclusive |
No inclusive/exclusive |
| Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Verbal Inflection WALS |
No person marking |
No person marking |
| Distance Contrasts in Demonstratives WALS |
Two-way contrast |
Two-way contrast |
| Pronominal and Adnominal Demonstratives WALS |
Identical |
Identical |
| Third Person Pronouns and Demonstratives WALS |
Unrelated |
Unrelated |
| Gender Distinctions in Independent Personal Pronouns WALS |
3rd person singular only |
3rd person only, but also non-singular |
| Politeness Distinctions in Pronouns WALS |
No politeness distinction |
Binary politeness distinction |
| Indefinite Pronouns WALS |
Interrogative-based |
Special |
| Intensifiers and Reflexive Pronouns WALS |
Differentiated |
Differentiated |
| Person Marking on Adpositions WALS |
No person marking |
No person marking |
| Number of Cases WALS |
2 cases |
2 cases |
| Asymmetrical Case-Marking WALS |
Symmetrical |
Symmetrical |
| Position of Case Affixes WALS |
Case suffixes |
Case suffixes |
| Comitatives and Instrumentals WALS |
Differentiation |
Differentiation |
| Ordinal Numerals WALS |
One-th, two-th, three-th |
One-th, two-th, three-th |
| Distributive Numerals WALS |
Marked by preceding word |
No distributive numerals |
| Numeral Classifiers WALS |
Absent |
Absent |
| Conjunctions and Universal Quantifiers WALS |
Formally different |
Formally different |
| Position of Pronominal Possessive Affixes WALS |
No possessive affixes |
No possessive affixes |
| Obligatory Possessive Inflection WALS |
Absent |
Absent |
| Possessive Classification WALS |
No possessive classification |
No possessive classification |
| Genitives, Adjectives and Relative Clauses WALS |
Genitives and adjectives collapsed |
Genitives and adjectives collapsed |
| Adjectives without Nouns WALS |
Marked by preceding word |
Marked by prefix |
| Action Nominal Constructions WALS |
Double-Possessive |
Double-Possessive |
| Noun Phrase Conjunction WALS |
'And' different from 'with' |
'And' different from 'with' |
| Nominal and Verbal Conjunction WALS |
Identity |
Identity |
| Perfective/Imperfective Aspect WALS |
Grammatical marking |
Grammatical marking |
| The Past Tense WALS |
Present, no remoteness distinctions |
Present, no remoteness distinctions |
| The Future Tense WALS |
Inflectional future exists |
Inflectional future exists |
| The Perfect WALS |
Other perfect |
Other perfect |
| Position of Tense-Aspect Affixes WALS |
Tense-aspect suffixes |
Tense-aspect suffixes |
| The Morphological Imperative WALS |
No second-person imperatives |
No second-person imperatives |
| The Prohibitive WALS |
Normal imperative + normal negative |
Normal imperative + normal negative |
| Imperative-Hortative Systems WALS |
Maximal system |
Maximal system |
| The Optative WALS |
Inflectional optative absent |
Inflectional optative absent |
| Situational Possibility WALS |
Verbal constructions |
Verbal constructions |
| Epistemic Possibility WALS |
Verbal constructions |
Verbal constructions |
| Overlap between Situational and Epistemic Modal Marking WALS |
Overlap for either possibility or necessity |
Overlap for either possibility or necessity |
| Semantic Distinctions of Evidentiality WALS |
No grammatical evidentials |
No grammatical evidentials |
| Coding of Evidentiality WALS |
No grammatical evidentials |
No grammatical evidentials |
| Suppletion According to Tense and Aspect WALS |
None |
None |
| Verbal Number and Suppletion WALS |
None |
None |
| Order of Subject, Object and Verb WALS |
SVO |
SVO |
| Order of Subject and Verb WALS |
SV |
SV |
| Order of Object and Verb WALS |
VO |
VO |
| Order of Object, Oblique, and Verb WALS |
VOX |
VOX |
| Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase WALS |
Prepositions |
Prepositions |
| Order of Genitive and Noun WALS |
Noun-Genitive |
Noun-Genitive |
| Order of Adjective and Noun WALS |
No dominant order |
Adjective-Noun |
| Order of Demonstrative and Noun WALS |
Demonstrative-Noun |
Demonstrative-Noun |
| Order of Numeral and Noun WALS |
Numeral-Noun |
Numeral-Noun |
| Order of Relative Clause and Noun WALS |
Noun-Relative clause |
Noun-Relative clause |
| Order of Degree Word and Adjective WALS |
Degree word-Adjective |
Degree word-Adjective |
| Position of Polar Question Particles WALS |
Initial |
Initial |
| Position of Interrogative Phrases in Content Questions WALS |
Initial interrogative phrase |
Initial interrogative phrase |
| Order of Adverbial Subordinator and Clause WALS |
Initial subordinator word |
Initial subordinator word |
| Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase WALS |
VO and Prepositions |
VO and Prepositions |
| Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Relative Clause and Noun WALS |
VO and NRel |
VO and NRel |
| Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun WALS |
VO and AdjN |
VO and AdjN |
| Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases WALS |
Nominative - accusative (standard) |
Nominative - accusative (standard) |
| Alignment of Case Marking of Pronouns WALS |
Nominative - accusative (standard) |
Nominative - accusative (standard) |
| Alignment of Verbal Person Marking WALS |
Neutral |
Neutral |
| Expression of Pronominal Subjects WALS |
Obligatory pronouns in subject position |
Obligatory pronouns in subject position |
| Verbal Person Marking WALS |
No person marking |
No person marking |
| Third Person Zero of Verbal Person Marking WALS |
No person marking |
No person marking |
| Order of Person Markers on the Verb WALS |
– |
A and P do not or do not both occur on the verb |
| Ditransitive Constructions: The Verb 'Give' WALS |
Indirect-object construction |
Indirect-object construction |
| Reciprocal Constructions WALS |
Distinct from reflexive |
Distinct from reflexive |
| Passive Constructions WALS |
Present |
Present |
| Antipassive Constructions WALS |
No antipassive |
No antipassive |
| Applicative Constructions WALS |
Non-benefactive object; both bases |
Non-benefactive object; both bases |
| Periphrastic Causative Constructions WALS |
Sequential but no purposive |
Sequential but no purposive |
| Nonperiphrastic Causative Constructions WALS |
Morphological but no compound |
Morphological but no compound |
| Negative Morphemes WALS |
Negative particle |
Negative particle |
| Symmetric and Asymmetric Standard Negation WALS |
Symmetric |
Symmetric |
| Subtypes of Asymmetric Standard Negation WALS |
– |
Non-assignable |
| Negative Indefinite Pronouns and Predicate Negation WALS |
No predicate negation |
No predicate negation |
| Polar Questions WALS |
Question particle |
Question particle |
| Predicative Possession WALS |
'Have' |
'Have' |
| Predicative Adjectives WALS |
Mixed |
Mixed |
| Nominal and Locational Predication WALS |
Identical |
Identical |
| Zero Copula for Predicate Nominals WALS |
Impossible |
Impossible |
| Comparative Constructions WALS |
Particle |
Particle |
| Relativization on Subjects WALS |
Relative pronoun |
Relative pronoun |
| Relativization on Obliques WALS |
Relative pronoun |
Relative pronoun |
| 'Want' Complement Subjects WALS |
Both construction types exist |
Both construction types exist |
| Purpose Clauses WALS |
Deranked |
Deranked |
| 'When' Clauses WALS |
Balanced |
Balanced |
| Reason Clauses WALS |
Balanced |
Balanced |
| Utterance Complement Clauses WALS |
Balanced |
Balanced |
| Hand and Arm WALS |
Different |
Different |
| Finger and Hand WALS |
Different |
Different |
| Numeral Bases WALS |
Decimal |
Decimal |
| Number of Non-Derived Basic Colour Categories WALS |
6 |
6 |
| Number of Basic Colour Categories WALS |
11 |
11 |
| Green and Blue WALS |
Green vs. blue |
Green vs. blue |
| Red and Yellow WALS |
Red vs. yellow |
Red vs. yellow |
| M-T Pronouns WALS |
M-T pronouns, paradigmatic |
M-T pronouns, paradigmatic |
| N-M Pronouns WALS |
No N-M pronouns |
No N-M pronouns |
| Tea WALS |
Words derived from Min Nan Chinese te |
Words derived from Min Nan Chinese te |
| Writing Systems WALS |
Alphabetic |
Alphabetic |
| Para-Linguistic Usages of Clicks WALS |
– |
Other or none |
| Order of Negative Morpheme and Verb WALS |
NegV |
NegV |
| Position of Negative Morpheme With Respect to Subject, Object and Verb WALS |
SNegVO |
SNegVO |
| Conlang type |
Auxlang |
Auxlang |
