Features for Avalonian

Share & Bookmark

Phonology

Consonant Inventories WALS Moderately large
Consonant Inventory: PLOSIVE: /p, t, k/ AFFRICATE: /tɬ, tʃ, kxʲ, kxʷ/ FRICATIVE: -voiceless: /f, s, x/ -voiced: /v, z, ɣ/ NASAL: /m, n, ŋ, ŋʲ, ŋʷ/ LIQUID: -voiced: /l, lʲ, lʷ, ɹ̠, ʒʲ, ʒʷ/ -voiceless: /ɬ, ʃ/ SEMIVOWEL: -voiced: /j, w/ -voiceless: /xʲ, xʷ/ ASPIRATE: /h/
Vowel Quality Inventories WALS Small (2-4)
Vowel Inventory:

SHORT VOWELS: /i, u, ɛ, ɔ/
LONG VOWELS: /eɪ, oʊ, aɪ, ɑʊ/

Phonetically, the long vowels are
diphthongs but they pattern as long
vowels.
Consonant-Vowel Ratio WALS High
Voicing in Plosives and Fricatives WALS In fricatives alone
/f, s, x/ vs /v, z, ɣ/.
Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systems WALS Other
Plosive inventory is /p, t, k/.
Uvular Consonants WALS None
Glottalized Consonants WALS No glottalized consonants
Ejective inventory: /p’, t’, k’/.
Lateral Consonants WALS /l/ and lateral obstruent
Lateral inventory: /tɬ, ɬ, l/ with [dɮ]
the realisation of /ll/.
The Velar Nasal WALS Initial velar nasal
Vowel Nasalization WALS Contrast absent
Front Rounded Vowels WALS None
Syllable Structure WALS Moderately complex
Syllable template is (C)V(C).
Tone WALS No tones
Fixed Stress Locations WALS Initial
Weight-Sensitive Stress WALS Fixed stress
Weight Factors in Weight-Sensitive Stress Systems WALS No weight
Rhythm Types WALS Trochaic
Absence of Common Consonants WALS All present
Presence of Uncommon Consonants WALS None

Morphology

Fusion of Selected Inflectional Formatives WALS Exclusively concatenative
Exponence of Selected Inflectional Formatives WALS Monoexponential case
Inflectional Synthesis of the Verb WALS 4-5 categories per word
Locus of Marking in the Clause WALS Double marking
Locus of Marking in Possessive Noun Phrases WALS Double marking
Locus of Marking: Whole-language Typology WALS Double-marking
Prefixing vs. Suffixing in Inflectional Morphology WALS Strongly suffixing
Reduplication WALS No productive reduplication
Case Syncretism WALS No syncretism
Syncretism in Verbal Person/Number Marking WALS Not syncretic

Nominal Categories

Number of Genders WALS None
Sex-based and Non-sex-based Gender Systems WALS No gender
Systems of Gender Assignment WALS No gender
Coding of Nominal Plurality WALS Plural suffix
Occurrence of Nominal Plurality WALS All nouns, always obligatory
Plurality in Independent Personal Pronouns WALS Person stem + pronominal plural affix
The Associative Plural WALS No associative plural
Definite Articles WALS No definite or indefinite article
Indefinite Articles WALS No definite or indefinite article
Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Independent Pronouns WALS Inclusive/exclusive
Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Verbal Inflection WALS Inclusive/exclusive
Distance Contrasts in Demonstratives WALS Three-way contrast
Pronominal and Adnominal Demonstratives WALS Different inflection
Third Person Pronouns and Demonstratives WALS Related for all demonstratives
Gender Distinctions in Independent Personal Pronouns WALS No gender distinctions
Politeness Distinctions in Pronouns WALS No politeness distinction
Indefinite Pronouns WALS Special
Intensifiers and Reflexive Pronouns WALS Differentiated
Person Marking on Adpositions WALS No adpositions
Number of Cases WALS 10 or more cases
Avalonian has 10 cases:

Absolutive
Ergative
Dative
Instrumental
Equative
Comitative
Locative
Allative
Ablative
Perlative
Asymmetrical Case-Marking WALS Symmetrical
Position of Case Affixes WALS Case suffixes
Comitatives and Instrumentals WALS Differentiation
Ordinal Numerals WALS One-th, two-th, three-th
Distributive Numerals WALS No distributive numerals
Numeral Classifiers WALS Absent
Conjunctions and Universal Quantifiers WALS Formally different
Position of Pronominal Possessive Affixes WALS Possessive suffixes

Nominal Syntax

Obligatory Possessive Inflection WALS Absent
Possessive Classification WALS No possessive classification
Genitives, Adjectives and Relative Clauses WALS Adjectives and relative clauses collapsed
Adjectives without Nouns WALS Not without noun
Noun Phrase Conjunction WALS 'And' different from 'with'
Nominal and Verbal Conjunction WALS Differentiation

Verbal Categories

Perfective/Imperfective Aspect WALS Grammatical marking
The Past Tense WALS No past tense
The Future Tense WALS No inflectional future
The Perfect WALS From 'finish', 'already'
Position of Tense-Aspect Affixes WALS Tense-aspect suffixes
The Morphological Imperative WALS Second person number-neutral
The Prohibitive WALS Normal imperative + normal negative
Imperative-Hortative Systems WALS Neither type of system
The Optative WALS Inflectional optative absent
Situational Possibility WALS Affixes on verbs
Epistemic Possibility WALS Affixes on verbs
Overlap between Situational and Epistemic Modal Marking WALS No overlap
Semantic Distinctions of Evidentiality WALS Direct and indirect
Coding of Evidentiality WALS Verbal affix or clitic
Suppletion According to Tense and Aspect WALS None
Verbal Number and Suppletion WALS None

Word Order

Order of Subject, Object and Verb WALS VSO
Order of Subject and Verb WALS VS
Order of Object and Verb WALS VO
Order of Object, Oblique, and Verb WALS VOX
Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase WALS No adpositions
Order of Genitive and Noun WALS Noun-Genitive
Order of Adjective and Noun WALS Noun-Adjective
Order of Demonstrative and Noun WALS Demonstrative suffix
Order of Numeral and Noun WALS Numeral-Noun
Order of Relative Clause and Noun WALS Noun-Relative clause
Order of Degree Word and Adjective WALS Adjective-Degree word
Position of Polar Question Particles WALS No question particle
Position of Interrogative Phrases in Content Questions WALS Initial interrogative phrase
Order of Adverbial Subordinator and Clause WALS Subordinating suffix
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase WALS Other
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Relative Clause and Noun WALS VO and NRel
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun WALS VO and NAdj
Order of Negative Morpheme and Verb WALS [Neg-V]
Position of Negative Morpheme With Respect to Subject, Object and Verb WALS NegVSO

Simple Clauses

Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases WALS Ergative - absolutive
Alignment of Case Marking of Pronouns WALS Ergative - absolutive
Alignment of Verbal Person Marking WALS Ergative
Expression of Pronominal Subjects WALS Subject affixes on verb
Verbal Person Marking WALS Both the A and P arguments
Third Person Zero of Verbal Person Marking WALS No zero realization
Order of Person Markers on the Verb WALS A precedes P
Ditransitive Constructions: The Verb 'Give' WALS Indirect-object construction
Reciprocal Constructions WALS Distinct from reflexive
Passive Constructions WALS Absent
Antipassive Constructions WALS No antipassive
Applicative Constructions WALS No applicative construction
Nonperiphrastic Causative Constructions WALS Morphological but no compound
Negative Morphemes WALS Negative particle
Polar Questions WALS Interrogative verb morphology
Predicative Possession WALS 'Have'
Predicative Adjectives WALS Verbal encoding
Nominal and Locational Predication WALS Different
Zero Copula for Predicate Nominals WALS Impossible

Complex Sentences

Relativization on Subjects WALS Gap
Relativization on Obliques WALS Gap
'Want' Complement Subjects WALS Desiderative verbal affix
Purpose Clauses WALS Deranked

Lexicon

Hand and Arm WALS Different
Finger and Hand WALS Different
Numeral Bases WALS Hybrid vigesimal-decimal
Number of Non-Derived Basic Colour Categories WALS 6
Number of Basic Colour Categories WALS 11
Green and Blue WALS Green vs. blue
Red and Yellow WALS Red vs. yellow
M-T Pronouns WALS No M-T pronouns
N-M Pronouns WALS No N-M pronouns
Tea WALS Words derived from Sinitic cha
Avalonian actually uses both words for tea:

tē = green tea (from Min Nan te)

trā = black tea (from Sinitic cha)

Black tea is much more popular than green tea.

Other

Writing Systems WALS Alphabetic
Uses Latin Alphabet:

⟨a⟩ = /ɔ/
⟨ā⟩ = /ɑʊ/
⟨b⟩ = /p’/
⟨d⟩ = /t’/
⟨e⟩ = /ɛ/
⟨ē⟩ = /aɪ/
⟨g⟩ = /ŋ/
⟨gh⟩ = /ɣ/
⟨h⟩ = /h/
⟨hj⟩ = /xʲ/
⟨hv⟩ = /xʷ/
⟨i⟩ = /i/
⟨ī⟩ = /eɪ/
⟨j⟩ = /j/
⟨k⟩ = /k/
⟨kh⟩ = /x/
⟨kj⟩ = /kxʲ/
⟨kv⟩ = /kxʷ/
⟨l⟩ = /l/
⟨lh⟩ = /ɬ/
⟨m⟩ = /m/
⟨mh⟩ = /v/
⟨n⟩ = /n/
⟨nh⟩ = /z/
⟨p⟩ = /p/
⟨ph⟩ = /f/
⟨q⟩ = /k’/
⟨r⟩ = /ɹ̠/
⟨rh⟩ = /ʃ/
⟨t⟩ = /t/
⟨th⟩ = /s/
⟨tl⟩ = /tɬ/
⟨tr⟩ = /tʃ/
⟨u⟩ = /u/
⟨ū⟩ = /oʊ/
⟨v⟩ = /w/

NB: /ʔ/ is not written.

⟨c, f, j, o, s, v, x, z⟩
are not used, not even to write
foreign names.
Para-Linguistic Usages of Clicks WALS Affective meanings

Conlang-specific

Conlang type Artlang

Comments:

No comments yet