CALS
β
Conlang Atlas of Language Structures
Log in
|
Sign up
Languages
|
Features
|
Translations
|
Words
|
People
|
Statistics
All features
---------
Consonant Inventories
Vowel Quality Inventories
Consonant-Vowel Ratio
Voicing in Plosives and Fricatives
Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systems
Uvular Consonants
Glottalized Consonants
Lateral Consonants
The Velar Nasal
Vowel Nasalization
Front Rounded Vowels
Syllable Structure
Tone
Fixed Stress Locations
Weight-Sensitive Stress
Weight Factors in Weight-Sensitive Stress Systems
Rhythm Types
Absence of Common Consonants
Presence of Uncommon Consonants
Fusion of Selected Inflectional Formatives
Exponence of Selected Inflectional Formatives
Inflectional Synthesis of the Verb
Locus of Marking in the Clause
Locus of Marking in Possessive Noun Phrases
Locus of Marking: Whole-language Typology
Prefixing vs. Suffixing in Inflectional Morphology
Reduplication
Case Syncretism
Syncretism in Verbal Person/Number Marking
Number of Genders
Sex-based and Non-sex-based Gender Systems
Systems of Gender Assignment
Coding of Nominal Plurality
Occurrence of Nominal Plurality
Plurality in Independent Personal Pronouns
The Associative Plural
Definite Articles
Indefinite Articles
Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Independent Pronouns
Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Verbal Inflection
Distance Contrasts in Demonstratives
Pronominal and Adnominal Demonstratives
Third Person Pronouns and Demonstratives
Gender Distinctions in Independent Personal Pronouns
Politeness Distinctions in Pronouns
Indefinite Pronouns
Intensifiers and Reflexive Pronouns
Person Marking on Adpositions
Number of Cases
Asymmetrical Case-Marking
Position of Case Affixes
Comitatives and Instrumentals
Ordinal Numerals
Distributive Numerals
Numeral Classifiers
Conjunctions and Universal Quantifiers
Position of Pronominal Possessive Affixes
Obligatory Possessive Inflection
Possessive Classification
Genitives, Adjectives and Relative Clauses
Adjectives without Nouns
Action Nominal Constructions
Noun Phrase Conjunction
Nominal and Verbal Conjunction
Perfective/Imperfective Aspect
The Past Tense
The Future Tense
The Perfect
Position of Tense-Aspect Affixes
The Morphological Imperative
The Prohibitive
Imperative-Hortative Systems
The Optative
Situational Possibility
Epistemic Possibility
Overlap between Situational and Epistemic Modal Marking
Semantic Distinctions of Evidentiality
Coding of Evidentiality
Suppletion According to Tense and Aspect
Verbal Number and Suppletion
Order of Subject, Object and Verb
Order of Subject and Verb
Order of Object and Verb
Order of Object, Oblique, and Verb
Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase
Order of Genitive and Noun
Order of Adjective and Noun
Order of Demonstrative and Noun
Order of Numeral and Noun
Order of Relative Clause and Noun
Order of Degree Word and Adjective
Position of Polar Question Particles
Position of Interrogative Phrases in Content Questions
Order of Adverbial Subordinator and Clause
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Relative Clause and Noun
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun
Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases
Alignment of Case Marking of Pronouns
Alignment of Verbal Person Marking
Expression of Pronominal Subjects
Verbal Person Marking
Third Person Zero of Verbal Person Marking
Order of Person Markers on the Verb
Ditransitive Constructions: The Verb 'Give'
Reciprocal Constructions
Passive Constructions
Antipassive Constructions
Applicative Constructions
Periphrastic Causative Constructions
Nonperiphrastic Causative Constructions
Negative Morphemes
Symmetric and Asymmetric Standard Negation
Subtypes of Asymmetric Standard Negation
Negative Indefinite Pronouns and Predicate Negation
Polar Questions
Predicative Possession
Predicative Adjectives
Nominal and Locational Predication
Zero Copula for Predicate Nominals
Comparative Constructions
Relativization on Subjects
Relativization on Obliques
'Want' Complement Subjects
Purpose Clauses
'When' Clauses
Reason Clauses
Utterance Complement Clauses
Hand and Arm
Finger and Hand
Numeral Bases
Number of Non-Derived Basic Colour Categories
Number of Basic Colour Categories
Green and Blue
Red and Yellow
M-T Pronouns
N-M Pronouns
Tea
Irregular Negatives in Sign Languages
Question Particles in Sign Languages
Writing Systems
Para-Linguistic Usages of Clicks
Order of Negative Morpheme and Verb
Position of Negative Morpheme With Respect to Subject, Object and Verb
Conlang type
Compare
Genitives, Adjectives and Relative Clauses
WALS
In-depth description:
Only at
WALS
Values:
Conlangs:
Weakly differentiated
(69 languages)
Genitives and adjectives collapsed
(86 languages)
Genitives and relative clauses collapsed
(19 languages)
Adjectives and relative clauses collapsed
(81 languages)
Moderately differentiated in other ways
(37 languages)
Highly differentiated
(291 languages)
Natlangs:
Weakly differentiated
(5 languages)
Genitives and adjectives collapsed
(4 languages)
Genitives and relative clauses collapsed
(1 language)
Adjectives and relative clauses collapsed
(15 languages)
Moderately differentiated in other ways
(1 language)
Highly differentiated
(36 languages)
Pygal
0
0
20
20
40
40
60
60
80
80
100
100
120
120
140
140
160
160
180
180
200
200
220
220
240
240
260
260
280
280
Weakly differentia…
Weakly differentiated
Genitives and adje…
Genitives and adjectives collapsed
Genitives and rela…
Genitives and relative clauses collapsed
Adjectives and rel…
Adjectives and relative clauses collapsed
Moderately differe…
Moderately differentiated in other ways
Highly differentia…
Highly differentiated
69
46.92307692307692
429.0523394131642
Weakly differentiated
86
164.23076923076923
415.14968279143534
Genitives and adjectives collapsed
19
281.53846153846155
469.9425059476606
Genitives and relative clauses collapsed
81
398.84615384615387
419.238699444885
Adjectives and relative clauses collapsed
37
516.1538461538461
455.22204599524184
Moderately differentiated in other ways
291
633.4615384615383
247.5
Highly differentiated
5
98.53846153846153
481.3917525773196
Weakly differentiated
4
215.8461538461538
482.2095559080095
Genitives and adjectives collapsed
1
333.15384615384613
484.66296590007926
Genitives and relative clauses collapsed
15
450.4615384615385
473.21371927042026
Adjectives and relative clauses collapsed
1
567.7692307692307
484.66296590007926
Moderately differentiated in other ways
36
685.076923076923
456.03984932593175
Highly differentiated
Conlang
Natlang
