CALS
β
Conlang Atlas of Language Structures
Log in
|
Sign up
Languages
|
Features
|
Translations
|
Words
|
People
|
Statistics
All features
---------
Consonant Inventories
Vowel Quality Inventories
Consonant-Vowel Ratio
Voicing in Plosives and Fricatives
Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systems
Uvular Consonants
Glottalized Consonants
Lateral Consonants
The Velar Nasal
Vowel Nasalization
Front Rounded Vowels
Syllable Structure
Tone
Fixed Stress Locations
Weight-Sensitive Stress
Weight Factors in Weight-Sensitive Stress Systems
Rhythm Types
Absence of Common Consonants
Presence of Uncommon Consonants
Fusion of Selected Inflectional Formatives
Exponence of Selected Inflectional Formatives
Inflectional Synthesis of the Verb
Locus of Marking in the Clause
Locus of Marking in Possessive Noun Phrases
Locus of Marking: Whole-language Typology
Prefixing vs. Suffixing in Inflectional Morphology
Reduplication
Case Syncretism
Syncretism in Verbal Person/Number Marking
Number of Genders
Sex-based and Non-sex-based Gender Systems
Systems of Gender Assignment
Coding of Nominal Plurality
Occurrence of Nominal Plurality
Plurality in Independent Personal Pronouns
The Associative Plural
Definite Articles
Indefinite Articles
Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Independent Pronouns
Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Verbal Inflection
Distance Contrasts in Demonstratives
Pronominal and Adnominal Demonstratives
Third Person Pronouns and Demonstratives
Gender Distinctions in Independent Personal Pronouns
Politeness Distinctions in Pronouns
Indefinite Pronouns
Intensifiers and Reflexive Pronouns
Person Marking on Adpositions
Number of Cases
Asymmetrical Case-Marking
Position of Case Affixes
Comitatives and Instrumentals
Ordinal Numerals
Distributive Numerals
Numeral Classifiers
Conjunctions and Universal Quantifiers
Position of Pronominal Possessive Affixes
Obligatory Possessive Inflection
Possessive Classification
Genitives, Adjectives and Relative Clauses
Adjectives without Nouns
Action Nominal Constructions
Noun Phrase Conjunction
Nominal and Verbal Conjunction
Perfective/Imperfective Aspect
The Past Tense
The Future Tense
The Perfect
Position of Tense-Aspect Affixes
The Morphological Imperative
The Prohibitive
Imperative-Hortative Systems
The Optative
Situational Possibility
Epistemic Possibility
Overlap between Situational and Epistemic Modal Marking
Semantic Distinctions of Evidentiality
Coding of Evidentiality
Suppletion According to Tense and Aspect
Verbal Number and Suppletion
Order of Subject, Object and Verb
Order of Subject and Verb
Order of Object and Verb
Order of Object, Oblique, and Verb
Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase
Order of Genitive and Noun
Order of Adjective and Noun
Order of Demonstrative and Noun
Order of Numeral and Noun
Order of Relative Clause and Noun
Order of Degree Word and Adjective
Position of Polar Question Particles
Position of Interrogative Phrases in Content Questions
Order of Adverbial Subordinator and Clause
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Relative Clause and Noun
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun
Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases
Alignment of Case Marking of Pronouns
Alignment of Verbal Person Marking
Expression of Pronominal Subjects
Verbal Person Marking
Third Person Zero of Verbal Person Marking
Order of Person Markers on the Verb
Ditransitive Constructions: The Verb 'Give'
Reciprocal Constructions
Passive Constructions
Antipassive Constructions
Applicative Constructions
Periphrastic Causative Constructions
Nonperiphrastic Causative Constructions
Negative Morphemes
Symmetric and Asymmetric Standard Negation
Subtypes of Asymmetric Standard Negation
Negative Indefinite Pronouns and Predicate Negation
Polar Questions
Predicative Possession
Predicative Adjectives
Nominal and Locational Predication
Zero Copula for Predicate Nominals
Comparative Constructions
Relativization on Subjects
Relativization on Obliques
'Want' Complement Subjects
Purpose Clauses
'When' Clauses
Reason Clauses
Utterance Complement Clauses
Hand and Arm
Finger and Hand
Numeral Bases
Number of Non-Derived Basic Colour Categories
Number of Basic Colour Categories
Green and Blue
Red and Yellow
M-T Pronouns
N-M Pronouns
Tea
Irregular Negatives in Sign Languages
Question Particles in Sign Languages
Writing Systems
Para-Linguistic Usages of Clicks
Order of Negative Morpheme and Verb
Position of Negative Morpheme With Respect to Subject, Object and Verb
Conlang type
Compare
Weight-Sensitive Stress
WALS
In-depth description:
Only at
WALS
Values:
Conlangs:
Left-edge: First or second
(42 languages)
Left-oriented: One of the first three
(23 languages)
Right-edge: Ultimate or penultimate
(81 languages)
Right-oriented: One of the last three
(114 languages)
Unbounded: Stress can be anywhere
(96 languages)
Combined: Right-edge and unbounded
(23 languages)
Not predictable
(124 languages)
Fixed stress
(283 languages)
Natlangs:
Left-edge: First or second
(2 languages)
Left-oriented: One of the first three
(0 languages)
Right-edge: Ultimate or penultimate
(11 languages)
Right-oriented: One of the last three
(6 languages)
Unbounded: Stress can be anywhere
(11 languages)
Combined: Right-edge and unbounded
(2 languages)
Not predictable
(8 languages)
Fixed stress
(59 languages)
Pygal
0
0
20
20
40
40
60
60
80
80
100
100
120
120
140
140
160
160
180
180
200
200
220
220
240
240
260
260
280
280
Left-edge: …
Left-edge: First or second
Left-orient…
Left-oriented: One of the first three
Right-edge:…
Right-edge: Ultimate or penultimate
Right-orien…
Right-oriented: One of the last three
Unbounded: …
Unbounded: Stress can be anywhere
Combined: R…
Combined: Right-edge and unbounded
Not predict…
Not predictable
Fixed stress
42
38.71153846153846
450.16206849687416
Left-edge: First or second
23
126.69230769230768
466.13957597173146
Left-oriented: One of the first three
81
214.67307692307693
417.36613210111443
Right-edge: Ultimate or penultimate
114
302.65384615384613
389.61572438162545
Right-oriented: One of the last three
96
390.63461538461536
404.75231041043764
Unbounded: Stress can be anywhere
23
478.6153846153846
466.13957597173146
Combined: Right-edge and unbounded
124
566.5961538461539
381.2065099211743
Not predictable
283
654.5769230769231
247.50000000000003
Fixed stress
2
77.42307692307692
483.798926338679
Left-edge: First or second
0
165.40384615384613
485.4807692307692
Left-oriented: One of the first three
11
253.3846153846154
476.2306333242729
Right-edge: Ultimate or penultimate
6
341.3653846153846
480.4352405544985
Right-oriented: One of the last three
11
429.3461538461538
476.2306333242729
Unbounded: Stress can be anywhere
2
517.3269230769231
483.798926338679
Combined: Right-edge and unbounded
8
605.3076923076924
478.75339766240825
Not predictable
59
693.2884615384615
435.8664039141071
Fixed stress
Conlang
Natlang
